英语语法——主谓一致_思维导图模板

主谓一致

概念和三原则

概念

谓语动词在人称和数上要和逻辑主语保持一致

三大原则

语法一致

单数主语/复数主语

主单动单，主复动复

假象主语

看似主语复数，实则是单数
其他内容是对单数主语的补充

不定代词做主语

具体情况具体分析

意义一致
根据主语的意义进行判断，
即主语意义为但，谓语单数
主语意义为复，谓语复数

同一个主语多种身份

注意冠词

复数名词的单数意义

不定代词的单复数意义

名词的形和意

形复意单（用单数谓语动词）

形单意复（用复数谓语动词）

单复数同形名词（用单复数谓语动词都可）

集合名词（用单复数谓语动词都可）

就近原则

or; either...or...等

there be

主谓的具体搭配

名词作主语的主谓一致

谓语动词用单数

有些集合名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式

这类集合名词有：equipment, furniture, baggage,
machinery, clothing, jewellery（珠宝）

例句
The equipment of our office is all imported from Britain.
The furniture in my room is old now.

有整体意义的单位的单词做主语时，谓语用单数形式

这类单位名词有：时间、举例、温度、长度、价值、金额、重量等

例句
Twenty years is not a long time.
Two hundred miles is quite a long drive, isn't it?
One hundred dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.

有些单词虽以s/es结尾，但实际是单数，谓语用单数形式

这类名词有：部分学科名词（physics，mathematics...）
以及专有名词the United States等

例句
Physics is very interesting.
The United States was found in 1776.

特定单词/短语+单数名词+单数谓语

这类单词/短语有：many a, each, every, either, neither, more than one

例句
Many a student has seen the film.许多学生已看过这部电影。
Neither story is true. 两个故事都不真实。
More than one solider was killed in the battle.
许多士兵死于战争中。

more+复数名词+than one 结构做主语时，谓语用复数形式
More members than one are against the

谓语动词用复数

有些集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数

这类集合名词有：people, cattle, police等

People are talking about the news.
Cattle feed on grass.

一些常用作复数或仅用复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用用复数形式

这类名词有：glasses, shoes, boots, trousers, pants,
compasses（圆规）, chopsticks, scissors, socks, stocking

注意：若以上名词与a/this pair of连用，谓语动词往往用单数形式

A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now.
This pair of compasses is made in Beijng.

以-ings结尾的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式

这类名词有bookings, sightings, earnings, savings, findings, belongings

例句
The findings about the moon have been reported.

以-s结尾的群岛、海峡、山脉等名词作主语时，谓语常用复数

The Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America.

谓语动词单复形式由语境决定

这类集合名词根据语境，看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数
看作集体中的个体时，谓语动词用复数

这类名词有：class, family, team, group, government, audience,
crowd, company, crew, public, committee, army, staff

The family is the tiniest cell of the society.家庭是社会最小的细胞。（这里指整体的家庭）
Her family are fond of reading.她的家人都喜欢阅读。（这里指家庭成员）

单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词根据语境决定单复

这类名词有：deer, fish, means（方法，手段）, sheep, species（种类）,
crossroads, series, works（工厂）

注意："a series of+n."和"a species of+n."做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

A series of articles on physics is said to be written by Mr White.

The practical means of preventing disease is washing hands frequently.
The means of transportation are various, including buses, subways, cars and trains.

the+adj./Ven

表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数

The old are taken good care of here.

表示抽象概念或个人，谓语动词用单数

The accused was found guilty and sentenced into prison.（指个人）
The older gives place to the news.新陈代谢。（指抽象概念）

代词作主语的主谓一致

复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数

常见复合不定代词有：everyone, somebody, anybody,
nobody, everyone, everything, nothing, something

例句
Everyone wants to join in this activity.
Somebody is waiting for you at the gate.
Nobody knows the answers.

all做主语时，谓语的情况

all指人时，谓语动词用复数

All are here now.

all指物时，谓语动词用单数

All was silent.

such / enough / the following做主语时，谓语的情况

谓语动词用单数

such / enough / the following指代不可数名词时

such / enough / the following指代可数名词单数时

Such is my plan.这就是我的计划。

谓语动词用复数

such / enough / the following指代可数名词复数时

Such are his words.这就是他的话

定从中，关系代词who, which, that等做主语时，
谓语动词单复数要和先行词的形式一致

例句
Those who have seen the film, please put up your hands.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman.

注意
定语从句和特定结构结合

one of+限定词+n.复数+ 定语从句

此时，定语从句修饰的是名词复数，从句中的谓语用复数

He is one of those students who never get their homework done on time.
他是没有按时完成作业的学生之一。

the one of/the only one of+限定词+n.复数+定语从句

此时定语从句修饰的是the (only) one，从句谓语用单数

Her daughter was the only one of the students who was awarded.
他女儿是众多学生中唯一获奖的。

which, who, what等疑问代词做主语时，
谓语动词要根据实际意义来决定单复形式

Who is the girl over there?
Who are the girls over there?

Which is your book, this one or that one?
Which are your bools, these or those?

并列结构做主语的主谓一致

谓语动词用单数

each...and each...，every...and every...等结构做主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式

例句
In our country, each man and each woman has the right to vote.
Every action and (every) movement in Beijing Opera is very important.

谓语动词用复数

主语由and或both...and...连接，表示两个不同的人或物时，
谓语动词用复数（不可数名词也是如此）

例句
Both he and I are satisfied with the final result.
Steam and ice are different forms of water.

注意

若and连接的名词表达的是同一人、同一事或同一概念，
即两个名词共用一个限定词，谓语动词用单数

例句
The singer and dancer is to attend the party.
Bread and butter is her favorite food.
对比
The singer and the dancer are to attend the party.

由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念的常见短语还有
a horse and cart 一套马车
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
a cup and saucer 一套茶盘
a needle and thread 针线
fish and chips 炸鱼薯条

谓语动词视情况而定

就近原则

该原则出现情况
当either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...,
not... but..., or等连接并列主语时，谓语动词由靠近谓语动词的主语决定

例句
Either you of she is responsible for the loss of the company.
Not Jack but his classmates are to blame for the fight in the school.

there be 句型的就近原则

对主语的补充

主语后有with, together with, along with besides, but, including, as well as, rather than, expect, in addition to等连接的短语时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致

Mary, together with her friends, lives abroad.
玛丽和她的朋友们一起住在国外。
All the students besides Jim have gone to the cinema.
所有的学生都去看电影了，包括吉姆。
The father as well as his two children is going skating every Sunday in winter.
冬天里，父亲和他的两个孩子每周日都会去溜冰。
I, rather than you, am to blame for it.
我，而不是你，应对这件事负责。

不定式、动名词或名词性状从做主语的主谓一致

由单个动名词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）或名词性状语从句做主语时，
谓语动词用单数

Reading widely helps me grasp more words.
To do regular exercise is good for us.
What the professor said has a great influence on the students.

注意

when and where，等做主语时，指的是一件事，谓语用单数

When and where they had the party was unknown.
他们是在何时何地举行的聚会还不得而知。

when+从句 and where+从句,等做主语时，指的是两件事，谓语用复数

When they had the party and where they had it were unknown.
他们什么时候举办的聚会以及在哪里举行的不得而知。

固定短语和名词搭配的主谓一致

由
some of
plenty of
a lot of
lots of
most of
the rest of
all (of)
half (of)
分数/百分数+of+名词
等短语做主语时
谓语动词与of后的名词保持一致

例句
Some of the books about investment fund have been published recently.
A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.
Sixty percent of the students in our class are from big cities.
About three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

由此可以判断这些短语即可加可名复，也可加不可数名词

large的相关搭配

large和amount

a large amount of+不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数

large+amounts of+不可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用复数

large和quantity

a large quantity of+不可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单数

a large quantity of+可数名词复数，做主语时
large+quantities of+复数名词/不可数名词，做主语时
谓语动词用复数

the number of 和a number of

the number of+n.复数
表示 ... 的数目
谓语动词用单数

The number of the people present at the meeting was about four hundred.

a number of+n.单数
表示许多，大量
谓语动词用复数